The tendons of these muscles form the popliteal fossa, the diamond-shaped space at the back of the knee.įigure 11.33. Muscles That Move the Feet and Toes These are the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. The three long muscles on the back of the knee are the hamstring group, which flexes the knee. The posterior compartment of the thigh includes muscles that flex the leg and extend the thigh. This muscle allows us to sit cross-legged. This versatile muscle flexes the leg at the knee and flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the leg at the hip. In addition to the quadriceps femoris, the sartorius is a band-like muscle that extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial side of the proximal tibia. The patellar ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity. The tendon common to all four is the quadriceps tendon (patellar tendon), which inserts into the patella and continues below it as the patellar ligament. The rectus femoris is on the anterior aspect of the thigh, the vastus lateralis is on the lateral aspect of the thigh, the vastus medialis is on the medial aspect of the thigh, and the vastus intermedius is between the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis and deep to the rectus femoris. This compartment contains the quadriceps femoris group, which actually comprises four muscles that extend and stabilize the knee. The muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh flex the thigh and extend the leg. The pectineus is located in the femoral triangle, which is formed at the junction between the hip and the leg and also includes the femoral nerve, the femoral artery, the femoral vein, and the deep inguinal lymph nodes.įigure 11.31. Thigh Muscles That Move the Femur, Tibia, and Fibula The pectineus adducts and flexes the femur at the hip as well. The adductor longus flexes the thigh, whereas the adductor magnus extends it. The adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus can both medially and laterally rotate the thigh depending on the placement of the foot. Deep to the gluteus maximus, the piriformis, obturator internus, obturator externus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, and quadratus femorislaterally rotate the femur at the hip. It also helps stabilize the lateral aspect of the knee by pulling on the iliotibial tract (band), making it taut. It acts as a synergist of the gluteus medius and iliopsoas in flexing and abducting the thigh. The tensor fascia lata is a thick, squarish muscle in the superior aspect of the lateral thigh. Figure 11.30. Gluteal Region Muscles That Move the Femur
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